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The Definition of Materiality Assessment

A materiality assessment is the process a company uses to identify and rank the sustainability topics that matter most to its business and stakeholders, which then shape its strategy and reporting.

Plain-English definition
Real-world example
Materiality Assessment definition

Definition of a Materiality Assessment

A materiality assessment is a structured process for identifying, prioritizing and validating the environmental, social and governance topics that are most significant to an organization. The results decide what goes into a sustainability report and where the company focuses its ESG strategy.

Steps in a Materiality Assessment

  • Identify topics: use industry standards, peer reports, regulations and incident data to build a long list.
  • Engage stakeholders: survey or interview workers, customers, investors, suppliers and communities.
  • Assess and score: rate each topic for impact and business importance.
  • Validate: have leadership or the board review and approve results.
  • Act and report: set targets for material topics and disclose the method used.

Depending on the framework, companies may assess financial materiality only, impact materiality only, or both, known as double materiality.

The Materiality Matrix

Results are often plotted on a matrix with importance to stakeholders on one axis and importance to the business on the other. Topics in the top-right corner are the highest priority.

Example of a Materiality Assessment

A transport company surveyed drivers, customers and its lender. Road safety, driver fatigue, fuel emissions and data privacy scored highest. The company set targets for each and added fatigue-related incidents to its board safety dashboard.

Frequently Asked Questions: Materiality Assessment

How often should a materiality assessment be done?

Many companies do a full assessment every two to three years and review it annually.

Who should run it?

Usually the sustainability team, with input from EHS, HR, finance, operations and legal.

Is health and safety usually material?

For most industrial, construction, mining, energy and transport companies, worker health and safety is one of the most material topics.

Part of SafetyIQ's EHS glossary: plain-English definitions of workplace health and safety terms.

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