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The Definition of Greenhouse Gas Protocol

The Greenhouse Gas Protocol is the most widely used set of standards for measuring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions from companies, products and projects.

Plain-English definition
Real-world example
Greenhouse Gas Protocol definition

Definition of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol

The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol is a family of accounting and reporting standards for greenhouse gas emissions, developed through a partnership between the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). It is the basis for most corporate carbon inventories and is referenced by major frameworks such as CDP, SBTi and the ISSB standards.

Key GHG Protocol Standards

  • Corporate Standard: rules for building a company-wide inventory, setting boundaries and reporting Scope 1 and 2.
  • Scope 2 Guidance: how to account for purchased electricity using location-based and market-based methods.
  • Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Standard: how to measure the 15 categories of value chain emissions.
  • Product Standard: how to measure emissions over a product's life cycle.

Core Principles

The GHG Protocol requires inventories to be relevant, complete, consistent, transparent and accurate. It covers the seven gases in the Kyoto Protocol, including carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases, reported as CO2 equivalent.

Example of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol

A logistics company preparing its first carbon inventory used the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard to decide that it would use the operational control approach, set 2025 as its base year and report Scope 1 fleet fuel and Scope 2 warehouse electricity.

Frequently Asked Questions: Greenhouse Gas Protocol

Is the GHG Protocol a law?

No. It is a voluntary standard, but many laws and frameworks require companies to follow it or methods based on it.

Is the GHG Protocol being updated?

Yes. It has been revising several standards, including the Scope 2 Guidance, so companies should check for the latest versions.

What is a base year?

A base year is the reference year a company compares future emissions against. It is recalculated if major changes, such as acquisitions, would distort the comparison.

Part of SafetyIQ's EHS glossary: plain-English definitions of workplace health and safety terms.

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